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Researchers have reported a new approach to cancer treatment using ultra-small metallic particles. The technology allows for selective targeting of cancer cells without harming healthy tissue. So far, the results have only been obtained in laboratory conditions, reports The Independent.
A team from the University of Melbourne states that they have developed miniature metal particles — so-called "nanodots." According to the scientists, these nanodots can detect and destroy cancer cells, opening up possibilities for targeted therapy.
The nanodots are made of molybdenum oxide, a metal compound widely used in electronics and industry. Minor changes in its chemical structure cause the particles to release reactive oxygen molecules that damage cellular components. "Cancer cells already live under more stress than healthy ones. Our particles slightly increase this stress — enough to trigger self-destruction of cancer cells, while healthy cells cope perfectly well," explained Dr. Baoyue Zhang from the School of Engineering at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology.
Unlike many existing cancer treatments, this new approach potentially reduces harm to healthy tissues. This could pave the way for more precise and less toxic therapies.
An additional advantage is that the nanodots are made from an affordable oxide rather than expensive metals, increasing the prospects for safe and scalable production. The research is in its early stages and is currently being conducted only on lab-grown cells. Trials on animals or humans have not yet begun.
In experiments, the particles destroyed cervical cancer cells three times faster than healthy cells within 24 hours. The effect was achieved by introducing small amounts of hydrogen and ammonium into the metal composition. This mechanism triggers apoptosis, the natural process of damaged cell death.
The Australian research group continues to refine the technology. The next steps involve improving the precision of the nanodots’ action, conducting animal trials, and developing mass-production methods. Previously, researchers found that eliminating aging "zombie cells" in blood vessels significantly improves metabolism and reduces blood sugar levels. The authors believe this approach could form the basis for new treatments for diabetes and other age-related diseases in humans.
